THE CENTRAL UTAH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING FAIR IS PRESENTED BY THE BYU McKAY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND THE BYU-PUBLIC SCHOOL PARTNERSHIP
2011 Abstracts: Elementary 2 Division
Following is a list of past abstracts for student science projects. Please feel free to read through these to get ideas for your own project, and to see how to write a well-written abstract.
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2011 Abstracts
Senior Division
Junior Division
Elementary Division, Day 1
Elementary Division, Day 2
Showing 48 projects.
| Project Title | Coke and Mentos |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0539 |
| Student Name | Jensen Ellis
Kielle Popham |
| Abstract | Coke and Mentos Science Fair Abstract By: Jensen Ellis My partner and I thought that this would be an interesting project to do. We also thought that it would be fun. We wanted to find out which Coke/Pepsi product would launch the farthest. We also wanted to find out what caused the actual eruption. I believe that you should be interested by this because of the procedure and the conclusion. Our question was ‘Which Coke/Pepsi product would launch the farthest’? Our hypothesis was “We thought that Diet Coke would launch the farthest”, since our research showed people used Diet Coke for Coke and Mentos. The methods we used were: We created a launcher at just the right angle that the soda would not spill, we tied it onto the launcher and put three Mentos in the bottle and we watched it explode and calculated the distance that it shot at. The Sam’s Coke Zero launched the farthest. Diet Coke did not launch nearly as far, blowing our hypothesis out of the water. Our conclusion is as follows, Sam’s Coke Zero launched farther than Diet Coke, so our hypothesis was wrong. We did find out what launched farthest, and the reason the eruption happened. |
| Project Title | How Strong is sewing thread? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0601 |
| Student Name | Amie Ainge |
| Abstract | Why did I choose my project? My grandmother has a sewing factory. Thread must be strong for quality and to prevent breakage during sewing. She is testing the quality of a new thread on her machines which will save her $4.00 each 12,000 yd. spool. The thread is Continuous Spun Polyester Thread – two strands twisted together. Question “How strong is sewing thread? How much stronger will it be if I add more threads? Hypothesis I think the thread will hold one pound of weight. I think that each thread I add will hold one more pound of weight. I wonder if each thread added will make it even stronger and hold more weight. Procedure I started by using weights of one to three pounds and combining them as I add threads and lbs. I used the leg of a support stocking as a tube to hold the weights and to tie the threads to. I cut the threads 2 ft. long. I tied them to a small dowel so I could lift them without cutting my fingers. I made 52 tests from one to thirteen threads and from ½ to 17 pounds. Conclusion The thread tested consistently strong and using it would save a lot of money. I was correct that one thread would hold a 1 lb. weight. Each added thread held an additional pound – However, The threads did hold increasingly more weight than threads. “There is strength in numbers.” |
| Project Title | Burning times in everyday fabrics |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0602 |
| Student Name | Parker Alger |
| Abstract | Parker Alger What everyday household products will burn the fastest? In my science fair project I went to the WalMart fabric store and got six different pieces of fabric. The fabrics I chose were fleece, 100% cotton, remnants, flannel, 100% polyester (satin) and muslin. After choosing my fabrics I cut each one into three smaller, equal size pieces. After all the fabric was cut I went to the fire station in Santaquin and burned one piece of fabric completely and timed it and I wrote the time down on paper. Then I got another piece of the same fabric and I treated it with either laundry soap and fabric softener or spot cleaner. I then burned that piece and timed it and wrote the time down on paper. For the final piece of fabric I burned it for a set time. In my hypothesis I thought that the blue 100% polyester would burn the fastest and the remnants would burn the slowest. I also thought that after being treated the fabric would burn slower. In my results the 100% cotton burned the fastest and the remnants burned the slowest. After being treated all but one fabric burned slower. Another interesting fact that I discovered was that the remnants and the fleece fabrics didn’t burn well. They melted more than burned. |
| Project Title | Diaper Project |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0603 |
| Student Name | Corban Allen |
| Abstract | I thought it would be interesting to determine which diaper holds the most liquid. I decided to compare four different kinds of diapers that were rated the highest in parent surveys. I ran 2 tests with Pampers, Huggies, Luvs, and Parents' Choice (store brand). In the first test I submersed each diaper in yellow colored water and then hung them on a clothes rack for thirty minutes. Huggies was the most absorbant in that test. In reviewing my data, I decided to do a second run and make sure that I held each diaper in the water for the same amount of time (10 seconds). I found that Pampers, Luvs, & Parent's Choice diapers absorbed more in the second test. Huggies abosrbed less, but remained the winner. I calculated the absorbancy by subtracting the wet weight of each diaper from the dry weight. The results of my experiment matched exactly with the parent and expert polls that I read. Huggies was first with 13.4oz., Parent's Choice was second with 10.9oz., Luvs was third with 9.6oz., and Pampers was fourth with 9.4oz. I think this experiment could help parents to decide which diaper really performs the best and would possibly help them to choose a good diaper for their baby. |
| Project Title | What Food Wraping Will Preserve Fresh Strawberries Best? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0604 |
| Student Name | Lindsay Tuft
Mary Grace Fredrickson |
| Abstract | My project was What Food Wrapping Will Preserve Fresh Strawberries Best? My Procedure consisted of five things. Namely, we picked seven different wraps, than we picked our food item (strawberries), we finally put the foods in the wraps and in the fridge. We continually checked our food wraps and recorded our data. My partner and I had predicted that the Ziploc Vacuum would prevent spoiling the best. We let our food/wraps sit for two weeks. At the conclusion of the two weeks we summarized our data. (Press n’ Seal won! Than Glad container, Ziploc vacuum, Ziploc baggie, Seran wrap, plastic bag, and finally tinfoil.) Our final conclusion is that Press n’ Seal kept our food the freshest! Our Hypothesis was wrong. Ziploc vacuum came in third not first. We applied this to normal life, our first reason this would apply to normal life was that food is so expensive and we all want to preserve it for the longest time to get our money’s worth. Our second reason was why we picked strawberries; strawberries are one of the most expensive delectable foods so to speak. Because they are so expensive you are even more keen to keep them fresh all the longer. If we were to conduct this experiment again we would keep them in the case they come in and not in a wrap. This project was conducted in the same place at the same temperature. There was only one variable which was wrappings. By: Lindsay Tuft |
| Project Title | Which Battery Lasts the Longest? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0605 |
| Student Name | Lexie Auger |
| Abstract | Which battery lasts the longest? I am doing my project because we use a lot of batteries in our house. We want the best batteries with good quality, long runtime and the best price. I am testing batteries to figure out which one lasts the longest. I have tested three types: carbon zinc, alkaline and lithium. The reason people should care is because when low quality batteries are used more of them end up in the landfill. Some people say the more expensive the battery is the better – well maybe not. I am trying to figure out that answer. Based upon popular advertising of the ‘most trusted brand’, my hypothesis is that I think the Duracell will last the longest. In order to test this hypothesis I built a battery tester. This tester uses four batteries, a red light and a measuring device to track and record the voltage levels as the batteries light up the red light. As time passes the voltage level will drop and when the batteries are almost dead the light will go dim and eventually go dark. I have found that carbon zinc batteries do not perform well while the alkaline and lithium batteries significantly out-performed the carbon zinc. The implications of my project t are potentially less waste to the landfill and less money not being wasted on name brand batteries that don’t last any longer than non-name brand. |
| Project Title | Which is a better insulator: wood or syrofoam? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0606 |
| Student Name | Jake Bath |
| Abstract | Science Fair Abstract By: Jake Bath Rosecreek Elementary At first I did not know what to do for my project. I didn’t have any ideas so I ended up looking in a book to get some ideas. There were so many choices to choose from. Then I came across one that was called “which is a better insulator: wood or Styrofoam?” I thought this is what I want to do my project on and I knew my Grandpa could help because he is a contractor. I also thought it would be a good choice because it falls under consumer science and it will help people in their everyday lives. I started off by calling my Grandpa to see if he would be able to help me. He said it was no problem and I figured it wouldn’t be because he is so nice. So the next Saturday my mom took me to meet him at his shop. When we got there we headed off to Home Depot to get a few supplies. We built two boxes the same size and thickness, so they would be the same. The only difference is one was made of wood and the other was made of Styrofoam. My mom and I brought the boxes home and I started doing all the research. The next few days I started gathering information and wrote in the journal. After that we went to the store to get a tri-fold board and get that ready. To do the experiment I placed two ice cubes the exact same size in the middle of both boxes and waited for them to melt. I checked the ice every 5 minutes to analyze them and see which ice cube was melting the fastest. I made a graph to show how the ice melted. I did the experiment two more times until I got the data I needed. I took pictures with my mom’s camera every now and then while the ice cube was melting. When I was done with the experiment I put all the information on the tri-fold. I was excited about the outcome because it matched my hypothesis, styrofoam is a better insulator than wood. |
| Project Title | Damaging Drinks |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0607 |
| Student Name | Baileigh Beebe |
| Abstract | For my science fair project I have chosen to test how different types of drinks that we consume everyday affect our stomach. To represent the stomach I chose to use stew meat and the drinks I used are drinks that our around our house every day. I believe from my research that Pepsi which includes caffeine, carbonation, phosphoric acid, and citric acid will cause the most damage to our stomachs. These ingredients can also be found in my other drinks but not at the same level. I plan to put equal sizes of meat into separate containers and put a ½ cup of Pepsi, 2% Milk, Gatorade, Water, or Apple Juice and then let them sit for three weeks. After three weeks I will remove the meat and compare the pieces to see which ones have been damaged the most by either shrinking or falling apart. |
| Project Title | Branded for Life: How packaging and labels influence kids |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0608 |
| Student Name | Nathan Bracken |
| Abstract | Does a brand name label affect elementary-age children's opinion of how a product tastes? Research indicates that if kids are attracted to certain brands when they are young then they will often spend more money purchasing those products during their lifetime. This results in those companies making a lot of money off of branding. I had 22 elementary-age children taste 2 samples of Kellogg's Froot Loops, Quaker Granola Bars, and Lay's Potato Chips. Behind the first sample I placed the name brand packaging. Behind the second sample I placed the generic brand packaging. Children were then asked which sample tasted better or if they tasted the same. In the case of the Froot Loops and the potato chips approximately 1/3rd of the subjects picked the name brand, approximately 1/3rd of the subjects picked the generic brand, and just under 1/3rd of the subjects realized the 2 samples were the same. As for the Quaker Granola Bars, 12 subjects chose the name brand product compared to 6 subjects who chose the sample in front of the generic brand packaging. Only 4 subjects realized the samples were the same. My results found that in the case of Kellogg's Froot Loops and Lay's Potato Chips kids didn't have a preference for the brand name over the generic brand. However, kids did show a 2 to 1 preference for the Quaker Brand Granola Bars versus the generic brand. Only the Quaker Granola Bars supported my hypothesis that kids are influenced by branding. |
| Project Title | Are childproof containers really chilproof? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0609 |
| Student Name | Jaylynn Brown |
| Abstract | Purpose The purpose of my science project is to find out if childproof containers really are safe. I started my project with the hypothesis that manufacturers made 100% safe containers for the public. To my surprise, my results were shocking. Procedures With the permission of teachers and parents, I decided to use the Hayden Peak Elementary kindergarten class as my test subjects. I tested each student twice, first giving them a container and giving them 30 seconds to open it and second showing them how to open it and giving it back to them for a second try. I recorded the results for the two tests and the four different types of containers. Data The analysis of my experiment indicated that more than 50% of the children were able to open 3 out of the four containers after watching someone open it. There were 13% of the kids able to open 3 out of the four containers on the first try. Conclusion My conclusion was manufacturers of these so called childproof containers should really step it up and produce better lids that are 100% childproof. Although some containers had better results than others, parents need to be aware that they should keep all prescription bottles and cleaning supplies out of the reach of children. I leaned a lot through the experiments in my science project and hope one day I will be able to keep my own kids safe from dangerous chemicals. |
| Project Title | Diaper, Change? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0610 |
| Student Name | Taylor Buckner |
| Abstract | I remember when my Dad lost his job last year my family couldn’t spend money as freely. My Mom bought the cheapest diapers during that time, but she wondered if she was getting the best value. For my science fair project, I wanted to find out which store brand and name brand diapers cost the least and are the most absorbent. This information could help people with babies to save money and still use good diapers. Purpose: Which diapers are the most absorbent and cost the least? Hypothesis: If I test 3 name brand diapers and 4 store brand diapers, I think Huggies will be the best name brand diaper and Target will be the best store brand diaper. I poured 55 ml of salt water solution (simulated urine) into each diaper every hour until the diaper leaked. Huggies diapers lasted 5 hours, but they are the most expensive. Sam’s Club diapers are cheaper and they lasted 4 hours, almost as long as Huggies. My results partially matched my hypothesis. I was right when I thought Huggies would be the best name brand diaper, but I was wrong when I thought Target would be the best store brand diaper. Sam’s Club was the best store brand diaper. I think my project could help people with babies who want to save money, but still use an effective disposable diaper. Saving money is really important to people right now because of the bad economy and people losing their jobs. |
| Project Title | Which Stain Remover Gets Stains Out the Best? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0611 |
| Student Name | Sienna Chilcutt |
| Abstract | Which stain remover works the best? On the TV commercials, each brand claims their stain remover is the best. I did my project to find out which stain remover my family and others should use. I bought three different stain remover sprays: Shout, Resolve, and Western Family Pre-Wash. I chose three products that I thought would stain clothing: grape juice, mustard, and used motor oil. I did research on each stain remover. I found that Resolve is the only product that guarantees to remove grape juice, mustard, and motor oil the first time. Therefore my hypothesis was that Resolve would work the best. I applied each stain to cotton squares and let them set in over three days. I sprayed the stain removers onto the stains and I left one cotton square from each stain unsprayed for a control. I washed them in my washing machine. I took them out when the washing machine was done, and looked at them to see if the stain removers worked. All of the grape juice stains came out, even the control. None of the mustard stains came out. None of the used motor oil stains came out, except Western Family Pre-Wash lightened the stain a little bit. My conclusion was that none of the stain removers really worked except for Western Family Pre-Wash lightened the motor oil. I will apply this information I learned so that my mom will not spend money on these stain removers anymore. |
| Project Title | Bounce to Safety: “Ground-Breaking” News on Playground Materials |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0612 |
| Student Name | Emily Colton |
| Abstract | My project explores different playground materials to find which is the safest for children. Five materials were compared: sand, gravel, rubber mulch, bark, and dirt. To find which is the safest, a solid, one-pound ball was dropped from a height of one meter onto each material. The depth that the ball went into each material was recorded. This was repeated three times per material, and the average depth was found. The safest material was the one with the largest average depth, because it was the one that would cause the smallest average force on the ball. Some of the materials (rubber mulch and bark) caused the ball to bounce, so a video camera was placed near the materials to record the bounce. The video was played back in slow motion on a computer to find the maximum depth that the ball went into each material. Based on the measurements, the safest material was found to be rubber mulch, with an average penetration depth of 3.2 inches. The least safe material was the compacted dirt, with an average penetration depth of 0.4 inches. Although the experiments were done with a ball, it would also be true for a child because the softness of the material and the amount of energy it can absorb is the same regardless of what is dropped onto it. |
| Project Title | Water Wonders |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0613 |
| Student Name | Janae Cronenwett |
| Abstract | I have always wondered, are the commercials for pure, name brand water telling the truth or are they just making a big deal? It is important to know what is in your water. In some health cases such as my mom's, the things that are in drinking water can affect someone's health. Purpose: Many kinds of bottled water are sold with the idea that they are pure. My question is, are they really pure compared to other water? I decided to test four types of water; Aqua Fina, Reverse Osmosis, Icelandic Glacial, South jordan tap water. I also decided to test for seven substances in the water; Alkalinity, PH, hardness, total and free chlorine, nitrate and nitrite. Hypothesis: Icelandic Glacial water will, based on my research, have the highest scores for each test. Reverse Osmosis water will have the least. (Having high scores on alkaline and ph is great but the other tests not as good) I completed my tests by following the instructions. I made sure all the water samples were the same temperature, and I had the same amount of water. I also made sure I didn't contaminate the pads on the test strips so that the readings would be accurate. Data: The tap water had the highest amounts for all of the tests. The purest was, 1st Reverse Osmosis, 2nd Aqua Fina, 3rd Icelandic, 4th tap. Conclusion: Reverse Osmosis water is the purest. Tap water is the least pure. It has 425 mineral pts. and 0.5 nitrate, and none of the others had any nitrate in it. My hypothesis was partly wrong because Icelandic hardly had any minerals in it, only 40 mineral pts. It was purer than I thought. |
| Project Title | What to Wear |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0614 |
| Student Name | Carly Delbridge |
| Abstract | In the winter time, I always wondered what I should wear on a really cold day or when it gets warmer what would be appropriate to stay the perfect temperature. Living in Utah, it gets very cold and it is important to know how to stay warm. In my experiment I tried to find out what is the warmest type of material by testing 5 common types of fabric. I predicted that wool fabric would be the warmest because people have been using wool for warmth for a very long time. I predicted that the fleece would be the next warmest because it is used in coats. I predicted that cotton would not be very warm because it is very thin. For the experiment I warmed bratwursts in the microwave to about 90 degrees so it was around body temperature. I then put the meat in individual fabric pockets and placed them in the refrigerator. I checked the temperature of the meat inside each fabric every 10 minutes for 50 minutes and then repeated the experiment, but placed the meat outside in the winter weather. I charted the results to find the conclusion. My results showed that on really cold days, when your mom tells you to dress warmly, you should wear wool or fleece. |
| Project Title | Drink Sensation |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0615 |
| Student Name | Shawnaa Doyle |
| Abstract | The way I came up with doing this experiment was I was wondering what drink would help me know what ones to drink that wont make my pulse and blood pressure go realy high. My question is "What drink will effect you blood pressure and pulse the most?". My procedure is 1st I will collect study group. 2nd I will collect required materials. 3rd I will take my subjects resting blood pressure. 4th I will have my test subjects drink 8oz of the drink for the day. 5th I will take there blood pressure and pulse after 20 min. 6th record data in journal. 7th I will take there blood pressure and pulse after 40 min. 8th I will record data in journal. 9th take blood pressure and pulse after 60 min. 10th record and compare data. 11th I will write down my findings. 12th I will repeat steps with each products. The conclusion to my test shows that each person peaked at different times and on different drinks.All four of my subjects peaked at 40 min but went back down at 60min.This leads me to believe that at 40min the drinks are at there most effectiveness. All of my participants got effected at the same time but not on the same drink. My resources are Fox 13 News,htt://www.consumeraffaris.com, Timpinogas emergency physicians, Wikipedia,and http://today/uconn.edu/?p=17083. |
| Project Title | Emergency Water Activated Batteries |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0616 |
| Student Name | Jeanette Eldredge |
| Abstract | Alkaline batteries and water activated batteries both use an electrolyte to aid the chemical reaction that creates a voltage across the battery. A water battery is able to be stored at all temperatures and has an infinite shelf life because its electrolyte isn’t activated until you add water. I wanted to know how well a water activated battery worked compared to an alkaline battery. I created 2 tests. In the first test, I used each battery in identical toy trains on identical tracks. I started the trains at the same time and timed how long it took for them to go around the tracks. I took data at least every 30 minutes until the trains stopped. In the second test, I created 2 identical circuits with 10 ohm resistors. I measured the voltage across each battery to start, and at least every 30 minutes until the voltage reached .8, the critical operating voltage. The alkaline train ran for 459 minutes, while the water battery train ran for only 21 minutes. The alkaline battery stayed above critical operating voltage for 1171 minutes, while the water battery stayed above the critical operating voltage for only 115 minutes. In conclusion, the alkaline battery powered the train faster and about 25 times longer than the water battery. Under the 10 ohm resister load, the alkaline battery stayed above the critical operating voltage about 10 times longer than the water battery. Water activated batteries do work, but I will continue to buy alkaline instead. |
| Project Title | Biodegradable Chip bags |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0617 |
| Student Name | Abbigail Ferrin |
| Abstract | The question that chose was, “Are biodegradable Sun chip bags really more biodegradable then the regular Lays chip bags?” Because the information I gathered my hypothesis became: the biodegradable Sun Chip bags would be the one with the most decomposition. The materials I used was one regular Lays Chip Bag, one biodegradable Sun Chip bag, a shovel, dirt, and a camera. The procedures of my project were: dig a hole about 6-8 inches width and depth. Then, you place the two bags side by side. After that, cover the hole with dirt and once a month uncover the bags and check them. (Be careful you don’t want to rip the bags) The observation of my experiment kind of surprised me. I didn’t see much decomposition in either of the bag chip bags. The Sun chip bag was more wrinkled and cut up more than the Lays, but not by much. The data used recorded the length of time the chip bags were in dirt so that they could start to decompose. The time I used was once every month. I did this for three months. The results of my experiment ended up to be that the Sun Chip bags are more biodegradable then the regular Lays chip bag. My conclusions will start in that my hypothesis was right in that the Sun Chip biodegradable bag did decompose faster than the regular Lays chip bag. |
| Project Title | Fabric on Fire |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0618 |
| Student Name | Kayley Lyons
Marissa Roper |
| Abstract | We wondered if my cotton pajamas would be consumed by fire faster than Marissa’s (my partner’s) silk pajamas, my brother’s wool coat, or even my sister’s polyester dress. Which type of fabric is most flammable? First step – Take four types of fabric, and cut them into equal squares. 2nd – Hold one square of fabric with tongs. 3rd – Touch a flame to the fabric square. 4th - As the fabric catches on fire, start timer, and when the fire goes out, stop timer. Do this to each fabric a couple of times. 5th – Find the average time for consumption of each of the fabrics, and the fabric that has the fastest time is the most flammable. Our hypothesis is that silk will burn the fastest because it is really soft, thin, and not man-made. The cotton’s average time was 22 seconds and 47 milliseconds and caught completely on fire. The silk’s average time was 29 seconds and 545 milliseconds, and the flame burned up the sides. The wool does not have a time because it would put the flame out by itself. The polyester’s average time was 23 seconds and 985 milliseconds. It was interesting because the polyester would melt and would drop to the floor. It was so hot, that we put a bucket underneath it, and it melted straight through the bucket! Because of the average times, we concluded that our hypothesis was wrong and that cotton is the most flammable fabric out of cotton, polyester, silk, and wool. |
| Project Title | Which Type of Fabric Is Most Flammable? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0618 |
| Student Name | Marissa Roper
Kayley Lyons |
| Abstract | We wanted to answer the question “Which Type of Fabric Is Most Flammable?” Our goal was to find out which items, made from several kinds of fabric, would burn most quickly. The items that were consumed by flames first were considered the most flammable. Our hypothesis was that out of silk, polyester, wool, and cotton--silk would be the most flammable because it’s thin, soft, and not man made. We found these four kinds of fabric and cut them into squares of the same size (about 3 inches by 3 inches). Then we held each square of fabric separately with tongs above a bucket, and held a lighter under the square of fabric until it started on fire. We then started the timer and timed how long it took the square of fabric to burn. We stopped the timer when the flame went out. We repeated the experiment for each type of fabric two times and recorded the times. Finally, we calculated the average time it took for each fabric type to burn. Our findings were that cotton was the material that actually was the most flammable. Wool always burned itself out, polyester melted but didn’t burn as fast, and silk burned up the sides of the material only. |
| Project Title | Fluffin' Your Muffin |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0619 |
| Student Name | Ethan Garff |
| Abstract | Do you like dense, filling muffins or light, fluffy ones? How do you get the type you want? My experiment’s purpose was to find out how different types of flour affect the density of a muffin. My hypothesis was that if four different types of flour (rye, wheat pastry, unbleached, and all-purpose) are used in a muffin recipe, then rye flour will produce the densest muffin and unbleached flour will produce the muffin with the lowest density because of their gluten (or protein) amounts. To test my hypothesis I baked muffins using a different type of flour in each batch. Then I calculated the volume and mass of each muffin. Finally I found the density of each muffin by dividing mass by volume. I performed my experiment two times. The results were similar both times. The rye flour produced the most dense muffin at 0.79 g/cubic cm. The unbleached flour produced the least dense muffin at 0.53 g/cubic cm. I concluded that my hypothesis was correct. The rye flour muffin was the most dense and the unbleached was the least dense because rye flour had less gluten and unbleached had more gluten. This is useful information because the experiment tells the right flour to use if you want a dense and filling muffin or a light and fluffy muffin. |
| Project Title | I'm Melting, I'm Melting |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0620 |
| Student Name | Nathan Hansen |
| Abstract | The question for my science experiment is “What melts ice the fastest: table salt, sea salt, ice melt, water softener, sugar, sand, or kitty litter?” I chose this question because it is winter and there is always ice on my sidewalk, so I wanted to see what works the best to melt it. My hypothesis is “If you use table salt to melt ice, then the ice will melt faster than if you use the other things.” I began by researching information about melting ice. To perform the experiment I froze 2 cups of water in 8 bowls. For the first experiment I put the bowls out with the testers in them between 5:00 and 7:00 p.m. The temperature was 57 degrees when I started and 41 degrees when I ended. At the end of the time, I measured how much water had melted in each bowl. The ice melt melted the most ice in that experiment. For the second experiment, I put them out between 3:00 and 5:00 p.m. The temperature was 50 degrees when I started and 59 degrees when I ended. The water softener melted the most ice in that experiment. The third experiment was from 12:30 to 2:30 p.m. The temperature went from 53 degrees to 57 degrees. The ice melt melted the most in this experiment. The final conclusion is to melt ice quickly you should use ice melt, if available. If ice melt is not available, water softener will work just as efficiently. |
| Project Title | Is Butter Better? Comparing Lipids in Cookies |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0621 |
| Student Name | Melissa Hansen |
| Abstract | I chose my science fair topic, “IS BUTTER BETTER? Comparing Lipids in Cookies”, because I enjoy baking and I wanted to learn about the effect of different lipids in baked goods. My mom thought of the idea to bake cookies using butter, margarine, and shortening and compare them afterwards. I decided to use those lipids, and then measure each cookie’s diameter. With my experiment, I wanted to answer the question “Does using butter, margarine, or shortening in sugar cookies have an effect on the diameter of each cookie?” My hypothesis was “If the amount of saturated fat in the lipid of a sugar cookie increases, then the diameter of the cookie will increase.” In my experiment I used a sugar cookie recipe. I made the dough with each of the three lipids. I measured level tablespoonfuls of each type of dough, and placed them on a cookie sheet, labeled each row, and baked them. I measured the diameter of the cookies after they cooled. I needed to use the same amount of dough for each cookie, use the same recipe, and measure all cookies at their widest point. The average diameter of the cookies with butter was about 2.41 inches, with margarine was about 2.27 inches, and with shortening was about 2.06 inches. This is useful for anyone baking because if you don’t have the lipid a recipe calls for or want to change the diameter for any reason, you will know how these replacements will affect your baking. |
| Project Title | Can Playing Kinect Count as Exercise? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0622 |
| Student Name | Mia Hicken |
| Abstract | Have you ever wondered if there was a way to make exercise fun? I wondered if playing Kinect, a new gaming system for Xbox that uses your body as the controller, would count as exercise. Many kids dislike exercise, and if Kinect counted as exercise kids could enjoy being fit. My problem was, does playing Kinect burn calories? I wanted to know how many calories I burned doing different types of activities. I thought that playing active video games, like Kinect, would be a good form of exercise. I felt that way because each time I played I got out of breath and felt tired. Using a Garmin Forerunner 305, I played Kinect, ran on the elliptical, and watched television while measuring my calorie burn for each separate activity. I repeated these steps 5 times. On the first day I burned 31 calories playing Rallyball for 9 minutes and I burned 28 calories playing Reflex ridge on Kinect. Then, I ran on the elliptical for 9 minutes and burned 29 calories. Last, I watched television for 9 minutes and burned 10 calories. Each day the calorie burn for Kinect and the Elliptical was about the same. Watching television burned a low amount of calories that always rounded to about 10. In the end I discovered that playing Kinect counted as exercise because it burned about the same amount of calories playing as I did running. So, when it’s to cold to play outside, get off the couch and play Kinect. |
| Project Title | Are Your CDs and DVDs Lost in the Cracks? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0623 |
| Student Name | Mary Izatt |
| Abstract | Don’t you hate it when you are watching a movie and you can’t finish it because it is so scratched? I have had that same experience many times at my house. My family likes home remedies and tries to avoid harsh chemicals for skin and environment. I wondered if there was a simple household item that I could use for cleaning our DVDs or CDs? This was my Purpose. In doing my Research I found out that you should never scrub your CD in a circular motion, which causes more scratches; scrub from the inside of the CD and rub outwards (like flower petals). You should not use rough cloth like denim or paper towels. Some websites listed materials they claimed worked on cleaning a CD so I included them in my experiment. My Hypothesis was that metal polish would work the best because it was mentioned in most of the resources I used. For my Procedure, I collected several badly scratched DVDs from our home collection. I viewed each for 10 minutes, tallying skips, if possible, then ranked them on a “damaged” scale from 1-5 (least to greatest skipping). I cleaned each DVD with the various household materials, played each DVD for another 10 minutes (tracking the skipping). My Data compared “Before” and “After” rankings to see if the DVD cleaning had improved. I was able to Conclude that my hypothesis was correct: Metal polish did work the best; however peanut butter and Vaseline were also effective cleaning agents. |
| Project Title | How long do you have to lick your ice cream cone |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0624 |
| Student Name | Abigail Jackman |
| Abstract | I began my tests by marking three sets of five cups for testing. I marked each of the cups with the amount of cream I was going to add to the cup. I then made a basic vanilla ice cream base. I filled each cup with 1/4 cup of ice cream base. My control cups did not receive any additional cream. For my first cup with cream, I removed one teaspoon of ice cream base and replaced it with the cream. I repeated the process for the rest of the cups but increased the amount of cream for each remaining cup by one teaspoon. I froze all of the cups until solid. I then removed them from the freezer an left them out at room temperature. I recorded in my journal how long it took to melt and the temperature of the liquid when it melted. The test cups were filled with 1/4 cup of homemade vanilla ice cream base. Each cup was labeled with the amount of cream in each cup. For each cup, I added an additional teaspoon of cream to increase the total fat content. Once frozen, I was able to determine if the fat content changed the time it took for the ice cream to melt. I took the temperature of each cup as they were melting. Each cup melted at a different rate. Generally, the cups with more fat content were warmer. My control cups of ice cream (the cups that did not include any cream) melted the fastest. The cups with one teaspoon of cream melted next. Each of the cups melted in order of least cream to the greatest amount of cream in the cup. The temperature of each of the cups were about the same temperature when the cups melted. The cups with more cream tended to be a little bit warmer and clumped together. |
| Project Title | Shampoo pH Testing |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0625 |
| Student Name | Jessica Jensen |
| Abstract | When I go to the store there are a lot of shampoos to choose. I am doing pH Shampoo testing because I was curious about what shampoo is best for my hair. It also helps people to know what kind of shampoo is good for their hair. My question is, “what shampoo is the best for my hair?” My hypothesis is, “only good brands are good for my hair.” The procedure was: • I collected 12 samples of shampoo and 6 different cleaners • I tested each shampoo and cleaner with pH paper • I compared results to pH Balance chart • I cleaned the hair samples with each shampoo sample. • 3 days later I felt dry hair. The worst shampoos I tested were: Balsam and Protein with pH 3, Matrix E, color protect pH 4.5, Joico pH 4.5. The best shampoos were: Aussie pH 6, Burt’s Bees pH 7, Solutions pH 6.5, Kandesn pH 6. The best shampoos were good because healthy skin and hair should be between pH 5.5 and 6.5. Water is pH 7. After looking down on the chart I realized that not all good brands of shampoo are all good for my hair. My hypothesis was FALSE. This information will help people to know that not all good brands are pH balanced and good for your hair. Also, you can test lotion, conditioners, and soap with the pH paper and balance chart. This project is important for your hair. (no ingredients were tested) |
| Project Title | What tickles your nose more: salt, pepper, or flour? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0626 |
| Student Name | Ashley Jensen |
| Abstract | If you are ever dared to sniff anything up your nose and you get to pick, don’t choose pepper! This is why. My question that I chose to use science to answer was “what tickles your nose more: salt, pepper, or flour?” I chose this because it had come up in recent family conversations. To find out more about this, I researched some websites such as loc.gov and highlightskids.com. After the research, I made my hypothesis, “If I follow my procedure as written, then the pepper will tickle my nose the most.” To test my hypothesis, I came up with a procedure that tested all of the products equally. I’d need salt, pepper, flour, nine paper plates, and tissues! First, I put ½ tsp. of salt, pepper, and flour each on a different paper plate. Second, I sniffed the salt and recorded in my journal how it felt in my nose. Then I did the same thing with the flour and pepper. I then rated from 1-5 how much each product tickled, with one being no tickle. Lastly I repeated this on two others. Averaged, the salt was rated 1.83, the flour was rated 3.83, and the pepper was rated 4.25. My conclusion was that when I followed my procedure as written, the pepper tickled the most, the flour came in second, and the salt in third. My hypothesis was correct! Further research showed that this was because piperine, an irritant in pepper, hits the nerve endings and causes sneezing. |
| Project Title | Speed of Sound |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0627 |
| Student Name | McCall Kelley |
| Abstract | As I tried to decide on a topic for my science project I first thought about the things I like to do. I play the piano so I thought about the high-pitch keys and low-pitch keys and that’s how I thought of my question. My question was; does high-pitch sound travel faster than low-pitch sound? I went to my elementary school and measured 150 feet from the wall. My mom and I went to the 150-foot mark and I hit a high pitch pan and my mom started a stopwatch. I hit the pan again when I heard the echo of the pan. I did this 20 times. My mom stopped the stopwatch when she heard the last echo. I recorded the times and did the same thing about 5 times. I then repeated the same thing except I used a low-pitch pan. When we were all done we calculated the speed the sound traveled. We did this by dividing the length the sound traveled by the time it took to travel. The length the sound traveled was 6,000 feet and the time it took to travel was 9.33 for the high-pitch sound and 9.91 for the low-pitch sound. I divided 6,000 by 9.33 and by 9.91. Even though the times weren’t exactly the same, they were very close. This is because it is hard to do the experiment exactly perfect with the materials I had available. |
| Project Title | Toxic laundrey detergent vs. nontoxic laundry detergent. Which one is more lean, green and clean? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0628 |
| Student Name | Zane Lowry |
| Abstract | When people buy laundry detergent they’re usually thinking about one thing. “Will it get my clothes clean?” but at what costs? Toxic detergent threatens the environment, our health, and the health of children. These are all at risk when it comes to a simple load of laundry. Why? Tide has been proven from tests to have the highest level of 1, 4 Dioxane a carcinogen known to cause cancer and other hormone unbalancing chemicals. For this reason, I tested homemade detergent with homemade pretreatment vs. the leading brand, Tide Acti Lift with built in pretreatment. I wanted to see the cost comparable, the effectiveness of both detergents, and the advantage or disadvantage each one has on the environment. My hypothesis is that homemade detergent would be leaner, (less expensive) cleaner, (works better) and green (better for our environment.) I made the detergent using 3 nontoxic ingredients. Borax, natural bar soap, and Washing Soda. The homemade pretreatment is made with Hydrogen Peroxide and Baking Soda. I tested the shirts with stains using both detergents. The first test I didn’t use the homemade pretreatment and Tide came out cleaner. I tested it two more times using the homemade pretreatment and the homemade detergent came out cleaner. You can save money, improve your health, help the environment, and get clothes cleaner if you can take ten minutes out of every month and make your own batch of homemade detergent. |
| Project Title | What's My Charge? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0629 |
| Student Name | Madyson Meeks |
| Abstract | For my science fair project I tested several battery brands to see which would last the longest when tested in a flashlight. To do this I needed 4 new batteries of Sunbeam, Duracell, Kirtland, and Rayovac. A multimeter and 4 new flashlights. First I tested the voltage of each battery and wrote down the voltage in my journal. Then I put the batteries in the flashlights and turned them on for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes I turned the flashlights off and measured the voltage again. Then I repeated the process until the batteries died. The Sunbeam died first, then Rayovac, Kirtland and finally Duracell. The batteries started to die between the voltage of 1.10 and 1.15. I performed the test twice so my results would be more accurate. It was interesting that there was an hour difference between when the first flashlight stopped working and the last flashlight. Knowing what battery lasts the longest is important because we all want to know which batteries last the longest. I concluded that the more you paid for the batteries, the longer the batteries lasted. |
| Project Title | Gas Quality |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0630 |
| Student Name | Austin Miles |
| Abstract | My science fair project tests gasoline quality. Chevron claims their gasoline product is the best quality in their commercial. I decided to put Chevron’s claim to the test. I am trying to find out which gas is the best, because people do not want to spend more money on lower quality gasoline. My question is does price reflect quality in gasoline? I hypothesize that if I use the same amount of different gasoline brands in a motor, then I predict that the Chevron gasoline will run the motor the longest. I put 4oz of gas into a lawn mower and ran it until it died. I did this twice for each brand of gas and recorded the time it took until the motor stopped. Then in my analysis, I made tables and graphs and calculated things like the average running time, price per ounce, minute per ounce, and the price per minute. In my conclusion, I determined that it did not appear that price reflected quality in gasoline. The difference between the average running times resulted in a very small difference in price per minute. The difference was not enough to say that the more expensive gasoline was better or worse. On average, the Costco gas ran the motor the longest and Texaco ran the motor the shortest amount of time. However, Chevron was the second longest and Maverick was the second shortest. This experiment implies that there might be more to quality than how long the motor runs. |
| Project Title | Show Those Pearly Whites |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0631 |
| Student Name | Madelyn Milner |
| Abstract | My name is Madelyn Milner and I wanted to know If whitening toothpaste really whitens teeth and if so then what kind makes your teeth the whitest. So that is what my project is on this year! I thought that whitening toothpaste would work and that arm & hammer toothpaste would make your teeth the whitest. What I did is I had five people in my family each use a different kind of whitening toothpaste such as Crest, Colgate, Aquafresh, Ultra Brite, and Arm & Hammer. Every week I took a picture of everyone's teeth to see the progress of the whitening of the teeth. At the end of the 5th week I looked at each of the weeks of the different tooth paste and decided what one looked the whitest. I did some research and that is in my procedures, what I found out was that if you really want whitening toothpaste to work you have to undergo the teeth whitening procedures and then the whitening toothpaste will continue to keep the teeth white. My hypothesis was wrong because I thought that whitening toothpaste could drastically whiten your teeth when continuously used and that Arm & Hammer would whiten your teeth the most. We found out that Ultra Brite makes your teeth the whitest but saying that, none of the whitening toothpastes really did much to whiten the teeth because we would have to undergo the whitening procedures. I hope you like it. ? |
| Project Title | Which Brand Of Diaper Will Hold The Most Water |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0632 |
| Student Name | Amanda Rowe
Chloee Mooy |
| Abstract | 1.We started by putting a 1/4 cup into each brand of diaper. 2.Then we checked to make sure the diapers weren't leaking. 3. Then we put another 1/4 cup and checked to see if it was leaking. 4. We repeated these steps intil diaper actually leaked. 5. Then we took some pictures. 6. We repeated these steps 1-4 but instead we used hot water until diaper leaked. 7. Then we took some more pictures. |
| Project Title | Which brand of diaper holds the most water |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0632 |
| Student Name | Chloee Mooy
Amanda Rowe |
| Abstract | Which brand of diaper holds the most water? We started our experiment with four different brands of diapers. We placed blue food coloring in a container of cold water and also in a container of hot water. Then we started by pouring ¼ a cup, of cold water, at a time into each diaper until the diaper started to leak. We took pictures of each step. After we tested all the diapers with cold water, we repeated the experiment with dry diapers and hot water. The end result was “Huggies” and “Parents Choice” brand diapers, held up to 5 cups of cold water or 3 cups of hot water before they started to leak. |
| Project Title | How Much Sugar Is In My Drink? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0633 |
| Student Name | Erik Olson |
| Abstract | My dad has Juvenile Diabetes and only has sugared drinks when his blood sugar is low. Sugared drinks make his blood sugar too high. This made me wonder; how much sugar am I drinking? I used a glucose meter to see how many mg/dL of sugar drinks contained. My parents taught me that when my dad needs sugar, he reads a nutrition label to see how many carbohydrates are in a serving. 15-30 grams of carbohydrates are needed to raise low sugar levels. I wondered how much sugar drinks have compared to their grams of carbohydrates per serving. I hypothesized drinks with the most carbohydrates would have the highest reading on the glucose meter. I used twelve different drinks, containing between 0-40 grams of carbohydrates. I tested each drink and recorded my findings. I discovered all sodas tested “High, over 600mg/dL” on the meter even though they had 26g-40g of carbohydrates. These results made me wonder if glucose levels would be different in drinks containing only natural sugars instead of the High Fructose Corn Syrup. I hypothesized that the natural sugars would test lower because they were made from real fruit. My hypothesis was wrong, juices tested as high as sodas. I learned sugar is sugar, no matter what the source. This is important to know because moms think it is healthy to give their kids juice. However, my experiment proves that juice contains high amounts of sugar and should be used sparingly. The healthiest drinks are milk and water. |
| Project Title | Which brand of hairspray takes ink out of leather couches the best? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0634 |
| Student Name | Kaylee Oyler |
| Abstract | My grandparents saved up their whole life to buy leather couches. Two weeks after they bought them my little brother took a pen to them. We could not get it out so we used a magic eraser that took the color out of the leather. They had to be restained but would never look as good as they did. A friend later told us to use hairspray to take out ink. That led to my question: Which brand of hairspray takes ink out of leather couches the best? In learning about the different ingredients of hairspray online, I thought that the hairsprays with alcohol denate as the first ingredient(professional) would work better than the hairsprays with water as one of the first ingredients(grocery). I cut ten leather squares writing BYU on each one with the same ink pen. I squirted a facial sponge ten times with the hairspray being tested. My mom timed me while i wiped at the BYU on the leather square. I found that all of the professional hairsprays that I tried removed the ink completely, some removed the ink faster than others. It did not make a difference if they were aerosol or pump. None of the grocery store brands removed it. They seemed to be very watered down. Leather couches are expensive and to know how to remove ink from them without damaging them will help them to last longer. |
| Project Title | Lime-a-way- vs crl " The end to hard water" |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0635 |
| Student Name | Whitney Palmer |
| Abstract | Lime-a-Way VS. CLR “The End Of Hard Water” The reason that I did this science project is because people are always confused about which one will work better on hard water stains. Well, I wanted to figure out which one worked better, and I found out. Out of Lime-a-Way and Clr, Lime-a-Way did work better. With this information, people will soon find out that I am right. But maybe if they did Lime-a-Way against another chemical it may be different. My hypothesis was that Lime-a-Way will remove the hard water stains better and I was right. As I did the project, I saw that CLR left hard water stains and lime-a-way took a lot of it off, and that there was less hard water stains than CLR. One of my Controlled Variables is: The method of washing the shower walls and bathroom walls and the shower doors. And an Experimental Variable is: Type of cleaner. And last but not least, a Responding Variable is: the cleanliness of the shower walls and bathroom doors. Some of the things that I found in both chemicals are: Acid Cleaners, Abrasive Cleaners, Chlorine Cleaners, Specialty Cleaners, All-Purpose Cleaners, Baking Soda, Borax, and Washing Soda. I went to many different websites and read different books on this subject. Some of the sites I went on to find the information is: WWW.ces.ncsu.edu/depts./fcs/housing/pubs/fcs97.html WWW.Selah.k12.wa.us/SOAR/SciProj2001-10 And a site that I went on to make my graph was: Http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/creatagraph/ And also to get more information I did an interview on my mom, Heather Palmer, and my aunt, Dawn Babbitt, because they both clean professionally. By: Whitney Palmer |
| Project Title | Sweating the Score |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0636 |
| Student Name | Hunter Ramsey |
| Abstract | Purpose Does a child’s heart rate increase enough to be considered exercise after playing “Exergame” video games? Hypothesis I believe a child’s heart rate will increase enough to be considered exercise when “Exergaming”. Procedure The first thing I did was practice taking a pulse. I used the carotid artery in the neck, and the radial artery in the wrist. I got a stopwatch to keep track of time so I could count the number of heartbeats there were in 10 seconds. Then I multiplied the number of beats by 6, to give me the total number of beats per minute. I gathered my participants individually. I took their pulse and calculated their resting heart rate, and recorded it in my notebook and table. Then I had them play Dance Dance Revolution on the Wii for 10 minutes. I took their heart rate again immediately after they finished, since the heart begins to recover as soon as physical activity stops. I took their “Exergame” heart rate and recorded it in my notebook and table. I followed this procedure 3 times with each child. I calculated the heart rates for each participant. A child’s maximum heart rate is 200 beats per minute. You have to be at 50% or higher of your maximum heart rate to consider the activity exercise, which means the heart rate had to be above 100 bpm. Conclusion I determined that playing “Exergame” video games does raise a child’s heart rate high enough to be considered exercise! |
| Project Title | Child Proofing |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0637 |
| Student Name | Kaylee Rane |
| Abstract | Child Proofing By: Kaylee Rane Bluffdale Elemetary There are a lot of harmful substances in our world that can hurt children. So I thought it would be a good idea to test some child proof locks and containers to figure out if they really work. My question is: are child proof containers and locks really child proof? My hypothesis is: if I give a child a child proof container and lock then I think that the children four and older will get them open because they’re smarter. For my experiment I gave eight children a child proof container and let them try to get it open for one minute. Then I did the same thing with a lock instead of container. When I tested the children, three of the kids got the lock open. Nobody got the container open though. What I have learned is: my hypothesis ended up being wrong because it doesn’t depend on how old the child is, it’s really whether they’ve seen how to get it open before. Bracken and Sarah both got it open because they’ve seen how to get it open. (Griffin got it open by breaking it.) So just don’t let your children know how to get your childproof containers and locks open and you should be fine. (Unless they break it of course.) |
| Project Title | Trust It Will Rust |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0638 |
| Student Name | McKell Rawlings |
| Abstract | QUESTION: Out of five different liquids, which liquid will rust a shiny, silver bolt the fastest and the most? PROCEDURE: I started with 5 shiny, silver bolts. Then I placed one bolt in five different liquids (Coke, Lemonade, Gatorade, Vinegar and Water) and the let them soak for 8 days while I tracked their progress every 24 hours. HYPOTHESIS: I think that Coke will rust the most because of the carbonated water and I think that Lemonade will rust the fastest because of the acid from the lemons. END RESULT: The bolt in the Coke liquid ended up rusting the fastest and the most! The bolts in the Vinegar and Lemonade tied and seemed to both be about the same as a dark gray color. The bolt in Gatorade was also dark gray, but it also had dark stripes on it. The bolt in the Water proved to cause the least amount of changes to the bolt and it did not seem to change the bolt at all from its original shiny, silver form. My hypothesis was ½ correct. I guessed Coke for the most, but was incorrect by guessing Lemonade for the fastest – it was Coke that won again by rusting the bolt the fastest and the most!! APPLICATION: As you can see, if Coke can rust a metal bolt, then imagine what it can do to the human body! Water on the other hand, did not change the bolt or cause it to rust at all, so this proves that water is good and healthy for the human body! |
| Project Title | How does it taste? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0639 |
| Student Name | Andrew Scharman |
| Abstract | Purpose Does the color of food effect how we think it tastes? Research ItotD.com http://itot.com/articles/629/the-influence-of-color-on-taste-perception/ It was not a secret that the color of food can effect whether we eat it or not. Color can effect the willingness to eat, that is why chef's spend so long making your food look so good. In the book “Fast Food Nation”, by Eric Schlosser, he explains that in the 1970's people were becoming ill because the steak and fries were blue and green. They used special lighting to make it look normal. In recent years, EZ squirt ketchup, a product of Heinz, had ketchup in colors of green, purple, pink, orange and teal. It was made to get kids to eat more ketchup. Another not so successful product was crystal Pepsi that came out in 1992. Introducing clear cola made most people think they were drinking lemon lime soda. ehow.com http://www.ehow.com.how-does_5200576_color-food-effect-way-eat_.html Have you heard the saying, “we eat with our eyes”? This meant that the color effects how we think they taste. Restaurants will use decor to make you come and buy food, which is another way to use colors. Clever restaurants will apply reds to enhance your appetite. Imagine yourself in a dream and you are at a hotdog stand, and you smell your hotdog, and you think it would be long with a red ketchup line, but it has green ketchup. How would you react? Food garnishing is another way to make you enjoy your food more. Sometimes you are given a vegetable to enhance your appetite. washington.edu http://faculty.Washington.edu/chudler/coltaste.html Have you ever had green cherry drink? If you have then it may have been a science project. Someone did an experiment that did just this. The test gave people grape, lemon lime, cherry, and orange sodas to taste but they were not the right color. Most people who tasted grape thought it was grape. The people who tasted lemon lime thought it was lemon lime. The people who only tasted cherry thought it was lemon lime. The people who tasted orange, thought it was lemon lime. Hypothesis If I add food coloring to white cupcakes, then people will think they are a different flavors. In the research I found that people had a harder time guessing flavors if they were different colors. We use our sense of sight when we are tasting. Experiment In my experiment I tested my hypothesis. I used white cupcakes dyed different colors. I had people taste them and write what the thought it was. Materials 1. Two packages of Pillsbury white cake mix 2. Cupcake pans 3. Food coloring 4. bowls 5. Oven 6. Ziploc containers 7. White paper for results slips 8. Pens 9. Neighbors and friends as test subjects Procedure For the experiment I made 2 packages of white cake mix. I separated the mix equally into 3 bowls. I added pink food coloring to one bowl, brown coloring to one bowl and yellow coloring to the last bowl. I then cooked the cupcakes according to the package instructions with the help of my mom. When the cupcakes were cooled, we cut them each in fourths and put each color in a zip-lock storage container, labeled 1, 2 and 3. I cut up papers. On each paper I wrote “what flavor do you think it is” and “What flavor does it taste like” and wrote 1,2 and 3 below each sentence. I took the cupcakes and papers to friends houses with my mom and had their families do the test. I opened each container and had them guess first what they thought the flavor was. Then they tasted each one at a time and wrote down what flavor they thought it tasted like. I used the results from the experiment to put together graphs for my display board. Variables Controlled Variables: 1. oven temperature 2. pan size 3. cupcake size 4. cake batter Experimental Variables: 1. age of participants 2. color of cupcakes Data Raw Data Each person that participated in the experiment was given a paper. The paper had two columns, one said “What flavor do you think it is” with 1,2 and 3 below it. The other column said “what flavor does it taste like” with 1, 2 and 3 below it. Each person wrote their responses. Organizing raw data I used those papers to add up the results. I totaled up how many people thought the first was chocolate and what they thought it tasted like and so on. I tallied the results to make a graph. |
| Project Title | Hollow Point vs. Full Metal Jacket |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0640 |
| Student Name | Kole Sleight |
| Abstract | My project was to test what bullet would best to hunt with, a hollow point or a full metal jacket? To test this, I asked the question; which bullet will go through a milk jug the furthest a hollow point or a full metal jacket? My hypothesis was that the hollow point would split apart and the full metal jacket would stay in one piece and go the furthest. At the gun range, I lined up 8 milk jugs of water in a row. I shot the hollow point and the full metal jacket three times each through the jugs. Each time, I collected the bullet and recorded the results. The full metal jackets went through 4-5 jugs. The hollow points all reacted the same. Fragments were in the first jug. The base of the bullet was found in the second jug. My data supported my hypothesis. The hollow point went the furthest each time. A full metal jacket had enough energy to go through 4-5 milk jugs. A hollow point delivered and lost all of its energy by the 2nd jug. My conclusion is, for small animals I would use the hollow point because it delivered the most energy the soonest. For larger animals, I would use a full metal jacket because the bullet would go deeper into their body. |
| Project Title | The Effects of Storage Temperature on Popcorn |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0641 |
| Student Name | Bridger Spendlove |
| Abstract | Hi my name is Bridger Spendlove. I like my project a lot. When I was trying to decide what to do for my projects I looked at some ideas online, and found several that seemed interesting. After talking to my friends and family members I decided to learn about how the storage temperature of popcorn kernels effects the popping. My mom stores our popcorn in the pantry, but my friend stores theirs in the freezer, is there a difference? I decided to store popcorn kernels in four different temperatures, the freezer, the fridge, at room temperature, and under a heat lamp. I put ½ cup popcorn into 12 different bags, three bags were stored in each of the temperatures. Out of the three bags, one was stored for just 1 hour, one for 24 hours, and one for one week. Then I went to work, popping popcorn. Afterwards I would count the left over kernels. Before I started this project I thought the popcorn under the heat lamp would pop the best because it was already warm. I now know that popcorn needs moisture in it to pop. The heat turns the moisture to steam and that’s what causes the popcorn to pop. The cold temperature from the freezer, and hot temperature from under the heat lamp, dried out the popcorn, and less popcorn popped. The best place to store popcorn is in a air tight container in the pantry. |
| Project Title | Shaking for Suds |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0642 |
| Student Name | Matthew Stead |
| Abstract | Shaking for Suds Abstract The original question that led me to choose my project was: Which water makes the best bubbles? Detailed procedure for how my experiment was conducted: 1. I acquired four gallons of water; distilled water, mineral water, softened tap water, and regular tap water. 2. I brought out four glass jars and marked each one with a mark at two inches from the base (=255ml). 3. I marked the jars five inches from the base (=562.50ml) 4. I labeled jars and determined the method and number of shakes I would make vertically. I decided (5) shakes would be the best. 5. I added one drop of un-concentrated dishwashing liquid to the jar of distilled water. 6. I put the lid on the jar. 7. I shook the jar five times vertically and observed the bubbles level. 8. I continued this procedure of adding one drop of dishwashing liquid and shaking the jar until the bubbles reached the 562.50ml line on the jar. 9. I recorded how many drops it took to reach the 562.50ml line. 10. I did the same procedure with the mineral and the tap waters. 11. I repeated steps 1-10 three times. Findings: Softened tap water did not make the best bubbles. Distilled water made the best bubbles because it has the fewest minerals. |
| Project Title | Baking Soda vs Baking Powder |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0643 |
| Student Name | Madilyn Trauntvein |
| Abstract | My experiment is on muffins, I wanted to know what the effects would be if I switched out the baking powder and put in baking soda instead. My question was: Can baking powder and baking soda be used interchangeably? Well, I learned obviously yes, but it isn’t the best choice to do it in a recipe when you know that it calls for something different because it could lead to a whole lot of dislikes. My methods were that I made the baking soda recipe first then the baking powder so that I could evaluate between the two muffins. My results were really crazy because the baking soda recipe led they were really tall, they were from a range of 2in to 2 ¾in. The baking powder muffins were not as tall and had the original, much-loved taste. It was obvious that after the family ate the muffins they preferred the original recipe and that though the other muffins weren’t horrid they weren’t loved either. That concludes my science abstract. |
| Project Title | Do childproof containers really keep kids out? |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0644 |
| Student Name | Riley Warren |
| Abstract | Every 15 seconds a poison control center receives a call. The majority of these calls are due to children eating regular items found in the home. Kids often mistake things like medicine or cleaners for candy and juice. This made me wonder, do childproof containers really keep kids out? I decided to put them to the test. I gathered four different types of empty, clean bottles with childproof lids. I asked 15 kids between the ages of 2 and 5 to help me. I gave each child one minute to try and open each bottle. If after one minute they were unsuccessful, they would watch an adult open the lid, and then try again. My hypothesis was that the childproof containers would work and keep the children from being able to open the bottles. This is what I found: The childproof lids did work 90% of the time. The lid that failed to keep kids out the most is the most common type found in our homes. This lid is the push and twist cap, which only worked 75% of the time. I also learned that age played a big part in how effective the childproof caps were. Kids will be able to get childproof lids off some of the time. So it’s very important to keep medicine, cleaners and other harmful products out of their reach to keep them safe. |
| Project Title | Your cookie's fortune can be told by which cookie sheet you use |
| Category | Product Testing & Consumer Science |
| Table Number | E0645 |
| Student Name | Elise Willmore |
| Abstract | Have you ever wondered which type of cookie sheet will produce an evenly colored, soft, thick cookie? There are many varieties of cookie sheets on the market today. They vary in shape, size, color, and type. For my experiment I gathered five different types of cookie sheets, a dark non-stick pan, an aluminum cookie sheet, a cooking stone, a silicone mat, and a flimsy disposable cookie sheet. Then, I made a large batch of chocolate chip cookie dough. I used a cookie scoop and evenly placed six cookies of the exact same size onto each pan. One pan at a time, I baked them in the same oven at 400 degrees for exactly nine minutes. After letting them cool for one minute I transferred them to a cooling rack. I then lined them up, turning three of the six over, to view the bottom, and compared them to each other. I noted the results and got opinions from eleven different people. From my experiment I found that different cookie sheets will produce different cookies from the same batch of cookie dough. Basically, the flimsy disposable cookie sheet is perfect for the cookie lover who likes a crisp, brown cookie. On the other hand, the cookies that were cooked on the stoneware were cooked thoroughly, yet they produced a very light outside that was consistent from top to bottom. They were also very soft and chewy! The cookies that were baked on the aluminum pan had a very similar look and texture to those baked on the stoneware. Stoneware and aluminum are both great cooking surfaces for those who love a soft, tender treat. The bottom line is that it is important to find the right cookie sheet for the cookies you like to eat! |
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